曼谷——国际货币基金组织负责人敦促财政部长斯科特·贝森特削减赤字，并警告称其依靠增长来遏制美国政府债务的计划是不够的。
BANGKOK — The head of the International Monetary Fund has urged Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent to trim the deficit, warning that his plan to lean on growth to tame U.S. Government debt isn't sufficient.
“增长当然有帮助，但它无法足够快地实现必要的调整，”总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃周三在曼谷举行的国际货币基金组织与世界银行年会上的一场小组讨论中表示。“一些（财政）措施将是必要的。”格奥尔基耶娃表示，贝森特承认联邦赤字和整体债务已经增长得“太高”，改善预算平衡和减少债务的措施是必要的。但她指出，“当局非常依赖美国的强劲增长”来将其降下来。
"Growth of course helps, but it cannot deliver fast enough the necessary adjustments," Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said at a panel Wednesday at the IMF-World Bank annual meetings in Bangkok. "Some [fiscal] measures would be necessary." Georgieva said Bessent recognizes that federal deficits and overall debt have grown "too high," and that measures to improve the budget balance and reduce the debt are necessary. But "the authorities very much rely on strong growth in the United States" to bring them down, she said.
贝森特和特朗普政府官员一直将由人工智能基础设施建设、制造业回流以及消费者减税推动的强劲经济增长，视为改善美国财政状况的关键工具。
Bessent and Trump administration officials have touted resilient economic growth, driven by the artificial-intelligence build-out, reshoring manufacturing and tax cuts for consumers, as crucial tools to improve the U.S. fiscal posture.
“凭借3%的增长，我们将通过增长摆脱困境，”贝森特上个月说道。他辩称，持续3%以上的增长加上克制的支出，可以降低债务比率并扭转债务占国内生产总值比例的曲线。
"With 3% growth, we grow our way out of this," Bessent said last month. He has argued sustained growth above 3%, combined with spending restraint, could lower the debt ratio and bend the debt-to-GDP curve.
美国联邦债务已超过国内生产总值的100%，这曾是一个不可想象的门槛，该国的公共债务负担已超过40万亿美元，并有望打破第二次世界大战后创下的纪录。
U.S. federal debt has exceeded 100% of gross domestic product, once an unthinkable threshold, with the country's public debt load surpassing $40 trillion and on track to break a record set in the aftermath of World War II.
美国政府历史上的支出一直超过其税收收入，自比尔·克林顿总统在20世纪90年代短暂实现预算平衡以来的几十年来，一直致力于不平衡的支出。但近年来，靠债务支撑的支出急剧加速。特朗普在其第一任期内减税，并在2020年签署了首批新冠纾困法案，乔·拜登随后在2021年推出了1.9万亿美元的经济刺激计划。
The U.S. government has historically spent more than it collects through taxation, committing to unbalanced spending in the decades since President Bill Clinton briefly managed to balance the budget in the 1990s. But debt-financed spending has sharply accelerated in recent years. Trump cut taxes in his first term and signed the first Covid relief packages in 2020, which Joe Biden followed with a $1.9 trillion stimulus in 2021.
这些联邦支出帮助避免了经济衰退，但也助长了至今仍令美国家庭和企业承压的通货膨胀。
That federal spending helped stave off a recession but also fueled inflation that still weighs on American households and businesses.
在被任命之前，贝森特曾表示他希望特朗普在任期结束前将赤字削减至国内生产总值的4%以下，并在8月表示美国预算赤字可能已经见顶。
Before his appointment, Bessent had said he wanted Trump to cut the deficit to less than 4% of GDP by the end of his term, and said in August that the U.S. budget deficit had likely peaked.
今年美国国债市场遭受重创，收益率飙升至数十年来的高位，因为投资者押注不断飙升的能源成本和大量的人工智能支出将使借贷成本保持在较高水平。周三，基准10年期国债收益率徘徊在2002年以来的最高水平附近，约为5.2%。
The U.S. Treasury market has been battered this year with yields climbing to multidecade highs, as investors bet that surging energy costs and heavy AI spending will keep borrowing costs higher. Benchmark 10-year yields hovered near their highest level since 2002, standing at around 5.2% on Wednesday.
尽管截至9月30日的财年预算数据尚未公布，但预计赤字将超过国内生产总值的6%，而2025财年为5.8%。
Although the budget figures for the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30 have not yet been released, the deficit is expected to top 6% of GDP, compared with 5.8% in fiscal 2025.
“随着政府运行相当于国内生产总值6%的年度预算赤字，到今天结束时——以及随后的每一天，债务将再增加70亿美元，”外交关系委员会高级研究员兼国际经济主任本·斯蒂尔在9月25日的一份报告中写道。
"With the government running an annual budget deficit of 6 percent of GDP, the debt will rise another $7 billion by the end of today—and each subsequent day," Benn Steil, senior fellow and director of international economics at Council on Foreign Relations, said in a Sept.25 note.
斯蒂尔还警告称，华盛顿宣称通过支持不受支持的预测来解决债务危机可能是“轻率的”，并敦促进行支出和收入改革。
Steil also warned that it could be "reckless" for Washington to declare the debt crunch solved by supporting unsupported projections, pressing for spending and revenue reforms.
国际货币基金组织于周二发布了10月《世界经济展望》，预测美国2026年和2027年的增长率均为2.3%，并预测到2031年美国政府总债务将达到国内生产总值的142%。
The IMF, which released its October World Economic Outlook on Tuesday, forecasts U.S. growth of 2.3% in both 2026 and 2027, and projects U.S. gross government debt reaching 142% of GDP by 2031.
国际货币基金组织负责人格奥尔基耶娃还敦促各国政府制定可信的中期计划来控制赤字，而不是仅仅依靠更强劲的增长，因为全球公共债务将在本十年结束前走向占国内生产总值的100%，创下自第二次世界大战以来的最高水平。据报道，贝森特缺席了本周的会议，以处理“国内事务”。
IMF chief Georgieva has also urged governments to set credible medium-term plans to control deficits instead of relying on stronger growth alone, as global public debt heads toward 100% of GDP before the end of the decade, the highest since World War II. Bessent reportedly missed this week's meetings to attend to "domestic engagements."