纽约/华盛顿，10月15日 - 据两名美国官员和一名了解情况的西方官员透露，限制乌克兰用于战场通信和无人机作战的卫星系统的命令来自白宫内部。
NEW YORK/WASHINGTON, Oct 15 - The order to limit a satellite system used by Ukraine for battlefield communications and drone operations came from inside the White House, according to two US officials and a Western official briefed on the matter.
这些官员表示，国防部领导层收到一条消息，称SpaceX的Starshield服务需要为乌克兰军队减速。
The officials said leaders at the Defense Department received a message that the SpaceX Starshield service for the Ukrainian military needed to be slowed.
这些官员在匿名条件下表示，他们未具体说明白宫内部谁做出了决定或谁负责执行该命令。五角大楼是Starshield的最大客户，而Starshield是Starlink服务的军用版。
The officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, did not specify who in the White House made the decision or who was responsible for implementing the order. The Pentagon is the biggest customer of Starshield, which is the military-grade version of the Starlink service.
乌克兰官员本周表示，当军用Starlink接收器安装在快速移动的物体上时，在乌克兰境内停止工作，干扰了依赖它们进行机载制导系统的乌克兰无人机的性能。
Ukrainian officials said this week that military-grade Starlink receptors stopped working in Ukraine when mounted on fast-moving objects, interfering with the performance of Ukrainian drones that rely on them for onboard guidance systems over Ukrainian territory.
乌克兰国防部的一名人士周四表示，这些接收器现在在运动时可以工作，但仅限于每小时不超过100英里（160公里）的速度。
A person in Ukraine's Defence Ministry said on Thursday that the receptors were now working when in motion, but only at speeds of up to 100 miles per hour (160 kph).
美国就炼油厂袭击施压乌克兰 限制这一关键通信系统的临时举措出现在特朗普总统施压基辅停止对俄罗斯炼油厂的袭击之际，他将这些袭击归咎于能源价格飙升，这正在削弱其共和党在11月中期选举中的前景。
US PRESSURES UKRAINE OVER REFINERY ATTACKS The move to temporarily restrict the vital communications system came as President Donald Trump has pressured Kyiv to stop its attacks on Russian refineries, which he has blamed for the soaring energy prices that are denting his Republican Party's prospects in the November midterm elections.
但专家表示，能源成本的激增主要是美以对伊朗战争的结果，该战争引发了伊朗对能源设施的袭击，并基本封锁了至关重要的霍尔木兹海峡。
But experts say that surge in energy costs is mainly the result of the US-Israeli war with Iran, which brought Iranian attacks on energy facilities and has largely shut the vital Strait of Hormuz.
针对限制Starshield的命令，一位美国高级官员在回应置评请求时表示：“总统从未提出过这样的请求。”白宫未就其他政府官员是否可能提出该请求作出回应。
In response to a request for comment about the order to limit Starshield, a senior US official said: "No such request was ever made by the president." The White House did not respond to questions about whether other administration officials might have made the request.
Starshield 是 SpaceX 专门为政府和国家安全客户开发的，特别是美国国防部。Starshield 使用 Starlink 星座作为其骨干。
Starshield was developed by SpaceX specifically for government and national-security customers, particularly the US Department of Defense. Starshield uses the Starlink constellation as its backbone.
乌克兰官员表示，这些限制使得对俄罗斯军队和占领领土后勤的打击任务变得复杂，并减慢了用于击落来袭俄罗斯 Shahed 无人机的拦截无人机。
Ukrainian officials said the restrictions complicated strike missions against Russian forces and logistics in occupied territory and slowed interceptor drones used to shoot down incoming Russian Shahed drones.
SpaceX 首席执行官埃隆·马斯克在周三的 X 上表示，由于 Starshield 系统由美国政府拥有和控制，任何关于速度或使用的限制均由美国军方或总统决定。SpaceX 未对置评请求作出回应。美国国防部和华盛顿的乌克兰大使馆也未对置评请求作出回应。
Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, said on X on Wednesday that because Starshield systems are owned and controlled by the US government, any limits on speed or usage are decided by the US military or the president. SpaceX did not respond to a request for comment. The Department of Defense and the Ukrainian embassy in Washington also did not respond to requests for comment.
关系恶化 最近几天，基辅与华盛顿的关系在 10 月 9 日迈阿密会议后恶化，此次会议汇集了双方代表以及欧洲和世界银行的代表。
DECLINE IN RELATIONS Relations between Kyiv and Washington have deteriorated in recent days following a meeting in Miami on October 9 that convened representatives from both countries as well as Europe and the World Bank.
根据一位熟悉此事的另一人士的说法，特朗普的女婿贾里德·库什纳和特朗普政府中东问题特使史蒂夫·威特科夫在会上对乌克兰采取了强硬态度。他们告诉乌克兰官员，尽管华盛顿多次要求停止，但美国对基辅继续对俄罗斯炼油厂进行打击感到沮丧。
Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff, the Trump administration’s Middle East envoy, struck a tough tone with Ukraine in the meeting, according to a separate person familiar with the matter. They told Ukrainian officials that the US was frustrated with Kyiv's continued strikes on Russian refineries despite repeated requests from Washington to stop.
美国代表团还解释了华盛顿决定与俄罗斯达成柴油交易的原因，称白宫希望此举能够缓和莫斯科在和平谈判中的立场。
The US delegation also explained Washington's decision to strike a diesel deal with Russia, saying the White House hoped it would soften Moscow's stance on peace talks.
根据该协议，俄罗斯将向美国和全球市场供应超过 225 万桶柴油，这一举措引发了一些美国立法者的反对，他们认为这将为莫斯科提供资金以继续战争，而无需迫使俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京作出让步以结束冲突。
That deal, under which Russia will supply more than 2.25 million barrels of diesel to US and global markets, has triggered a backlash from some US lawmakers, who say it will give Moscow cash to pursue its war without forcing Russian President Vladimir Putin to make concessions to end the conflict.
在随后的几天里，乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基和特朗普互相指责，泽连斯基称美国对俄罗斯柴油交易的决定“软弱”。特朗普呼吁在乌克兰举行选举并罢免泽连斯基。
In the days that followed, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy and Trump criticized each other, with Zelenskiy calling the US decision on the Russian diesel deal "weak." Trump called for elections in Ukraine and Zelenskiy's ouster.
幕后，美国官员威胁要停止向基辅提供有关俄罗斯导弹发射的情报，而乌克兰利用这些情报来挫败袭击，正如路透社此前报道的那样。特朗普周二表示，华盛顿仍在与乌克兰共享情报。
Behind the scenes, American officials threatened to stop providing intelligence to Kyiv about Russian missile launches that Ukraine uses to thwart attacks, as Reuters previously reported. Trump said on Tuesday Washington was still sharing intelligence with Ukraine.
一位高级乌克兰官员表示，在限制乌克兰使用星盾（Starshield）服务之后，乌克兰方面在周二和周三致电白宫、国务院和五角大楼的高级官员，以寻求答案，并补充说基辅被告知这是白宫的决定。
Following the move to restrict Ukraine's access to Starshield, the Ukrainians made calls on Tuesday and Wednesday to find answers from senior officials at the White House, State Department and Pentagon, a senior Ukrainian official said, adding that Kyiv was told it was a White House decision.
路透社在2024年报道称，五角大楼在星链（Starlink）和星盾（Starshield）服务上已花费数十亿美元。它还购买了专用的星盾卫星，包括用于导弹预警任务的通信航天器以及用于国家侦察局的间谍卫星星座。
The Pentagon has spent billions of dollars on the Starlink and Starshield services. It has also bought dedicated Starshield satellites, including communications spacecraft for missile-warning missions and a spy constellation for the National Reconnaissance Office, Reuters reported in 2024.