为新奥尔良最古老的历史悠久的黑人天主教修女会建设的社区太阳能项目。盐湖城的一处全电动经济适用房住宅综合体。一个为马里兰州低收入家庭提供屋顶太阳能和能源效率改造低息贷款的项目。
A community solar project built for New Orleans’ oldest historically Black Catholic order of nuns. An all-electric affordable housing complex in Salt Lake City. A program offering low-income Maryland households inexpensive loans for rooftop solar and energy efficiency.
这些仅是美国绿色银行近期资助的一些项目。绿色银行是利用公共资金提升清洁能源和气候适应性工作在难以融资领域贷款的机构。即使在特朗普政府削减联邦气候资金、迫使它们缩减拜登时期计划的情况下，它们仍在继续开展工作。
These are just some of the recent projects financed in the US by green banks, entities that use public funds to boost lending for clean energy and climate-adaptation efforts in tough-to-finance sectors. And they’ve done it even as the Trump administration’s clawbacks of federal climate funding force them to scale down their Biden-era plans.
“我们在非常艰难的时期仍在推动资本流动，”美国绿色银行50（U.S. Green Bank 50）执行董事丹·阿德勒（Dan Adler）说道。该联盟由56家绿色银行及其他组织组成。为弥补资金缺口，他们寻求了从商业银行和信用社到企业及慈善资助方的各类融资合作伙伴。“我们在必要中寻求美德，”他说。
“We’ve continued to move capital in very challenging times,” said Dan Adler, executive director of the U.S. Green Bank 50, a coalition of 56 green banks and other organizations. To fill in the gaps, they’ve sought out financing partners ranging from commercial banks and credit unions to corporate and philanthropic funders. “We’re making a virtue out of a necessity,” he said.
绿色银行50在其于九月发布的首份影响报告中阐述了其成员在过去两年所能实现的成就，该报告汇集了全国48家绿色银行的数据。在2024年和2025年期间，这些机构投入了约14亿美元自有资本，以及110亿美元额外私人资本，用于超过4万个项目。
The Green Bank 50 laid out what its members have been able to accomplish over the last two years in its inaugural impact report, released in September, which collected data from 48 green banks nationwide. Over the course of 2024 and 2025, those organizations put about $1.4 billion of their own capital, along with $11 billion in additional private capital, into more than 40,000 projects.
该报告包括约70个案例研究的摘要，这些案例研究展示了绿色银行提供融资所支持的工作。其中一些是大型项目，例如新奥尔良圣家修女会所拥有土地上正在建设的价值1000万美元的社区太阳能阵列项目。该项目承诺为多达350个低收入家庭提供通过其产生的太阳能降低的公用事业账单。该项目的贷款来自非营利组织Inclusive Prosperity Capital、基督教会联合会基石基金以及Pelican Community Capital，后者是路易斯安那州社区发展贷款机构，隶属于巴吞鲁日地区基金会。
The report includes summaries from about 70 case studies of the work that’s been helped along by financing from green banks. Some are large-scale projects, like the $10 million community solar array being built on land owned by the Sisters of the Holy Family in New Orleans, which has committed to providing up to 350 low-income households with reduced utility bills using the solar power it will generate. Loans for that project came from the nonprofit Inclusive Prosperity Capital, the United Church of Christ Cornerstone Fund, and Pelican Community Capital, which is a Louisiana community development lender affiliated with the Baton Rouge Area Foundation.
Inclusive Prosperity Capital是众多绿色银行之一，这些银行不得不在未能获得来自温室气体减排基金的承诺拨款的情况下维持运营。该机构从该计划中获得了2.49亿美元，该计划由2022年《通胀削减法案》设立，提供了200亿美元的绿色银行拨款以及另外70亿美元的“太阳能惠及所有人”拨款。特朗普政府去年终止了这两个项目。
Inclusive Prosperity Capital is among the many green banks that has had to make do without promised grants from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. It won $249 million from the program, which was created by the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act and provided $20 billion in green bank grants and another $7 billion in Solar for All grants. The Trump administration terminated both programs last year.
“我们有已获财务承诺的项目、针对开发者和贷款人的培训课程、项目开发前的导师计划、已雇佣并培训的员工等等，”Inclusive Prosperity Capital首席执行官Kerry O’Neill表示。“我们希望最近的法院裁决能促使我们重返这一重要工作。”8月，一名联邦法官裁定政府冻结200亿美元的行为属于非法，而本月，两名不同的联邦法官裁定终止“太阳能惠及所有人”项目的行为非法。但政府尚未释放这些资金，预计将向美国最高法院提出上诉。
“We had projects with financial commitments, training courses for developers and lenders, a predevelopment mentorship program, staff hired and trained, and more,” Inclusive Prosperity Capital CEO Kerry O’Neill said. “We hope recent court decisions will result in our return to this important work.”In August, a federal judge ruled the administration’s freeze of the $20 billion to be unlawful, and this month, two separate federal judges have ruled the Solar for All termination illegal. But the administration has yet to release the funds, and is expected to appeal to the US Supreme Court.
联邦资金的损失严重限制了绿色银行50合作伙伴计划开展工作的规模。气候联合基金（Climate United Fund）是一项获得70亿美元奖励但资金被冻结的合作伙伴关系，它无法落实为美国制造的电动卡车、能源效率和清洁能源升级提供融资，以及向由原住民领导的清洁能源项目提供贷款的计划。
The loss of federal funds has severely curtailed the scale of work planned by the Green Bank 50 partners. Climate United Fund, a partnership that was awarded $7 billion but had its funds frozen, has been unable to follow through on plans to finance U.S.-built electric trucks, energy-efficiency and clean energy upgrades, and loans to Native American–led clean energy projects.
影响报告中调查的48家绿色银行在其融资管道中大约有68亿美元。但阿德勒承认，联邦资金的损失使一些值得支持的项目变得遥不可及。“当资金基本以0%的利率从天而降时，你可以开展非常有趣的项目——我们也准备再次这样做，”他说。
The 48 green banks surveyed in the impact report have about $6.8 billion in their funding pipelines. But Adler conceded that the loss of federal funds has put some worthy projects out of reach. “When money is coming down from the sky at basically 0 percent [interest], you can do very interesting projects—and we’re prepared to do that again,” he said.
“但现在我们必须以私人资本为关键伙伴，专注于严格的纪律，”他说。“你无法进行高风险项目，所以你只能做那些可解决的问题。”他说，目标是寻找仍被视为对私营部门贷款方而言太冒险或未经验证的项目，“但如果你通过绿色银行这样做几次，那么私人资本就可以接手。”他指出，这事实上正是绿色银行运动的创始原则。
“But now we have to focus on tight discipline with private capital as our key partner,” he said. “You can’t do the higher-risk projects, so you work on what’s addressable.”The goal, he said, is to find projects that are still considered too risky or unproven for private-sector lenders, “but if you do it with green banks a few times, then private capital can take over.”That’s in fact the founding principle of the green bank movement, he noted.
一些最早成立于2010年代康涅狄格州和纽约州的绿色银行已成为推动私营部门在建筑能源效率和电气化、学校和市政太阳能以及其他与实现州和地方气候政策相关的重要投资类别方面的重要驱动力。
Some of the first green banks formed in Connecticut and New York state in the 2010s have become significant drivers of private-sector lending for building energy efficiency and electrification, solar for schools and municipalities, and other categories of investment important to meeting state and local climate policies.
绿色银行所融资项目背后的技术本身并不存在风险，阿德勒说。但绿色银行所合作的客户群体——比如为低收入社区服务的经济适用房提供商和太阳能开发商——可能存在风险。“无论他们是否因红线政策被传统资本市场排除，或者交易规模不如传统贷款人愿意参与的规模大，我们都在承担信用风险以及交易结构和规模风险，”他解释道。
The technologies behind the projects that green banks finance aren’t risky in and of themselves, Adler said. But the classes of customers that green banks work with—such as affordable housing providers and solar developers working in low-income communities—can be. “Whether they’ve been redlined out of the traditional capital markets, or the deals are not as big as traditional lenders are motivated to engage in, we’re taking on the credit risks and the deal structure and size risks,” he explained.
绿色银行一直在寻找降低这些风险的方法。一种方法是将多家贷款人的资金捆绑在一起，从而降低单个贷款人的风险。这就是包容性繁荣资本及其合作伙伴为圣家姐妹会融资社区太阳能项目的方式。
Green banks have continued to find ways to reduce those risks. One method is bundling funds from multiple lenders, which reduces an individual lender’s risk. That’s how Inclusive Prosperity Capital and its partners financed the community solar project for the Sisters of the Holy Family.
纽约市能源效率公司（该公司成立已有16年，是一家绿色银行）也是通过这种方式，在盐湖城支持了一个包含396套住房、全电气化的经济适用房项目。该绿色银行与犹他州非营利组织SustainEnergyFinance合作，设立了一笔450万美元的前期开发贷款——这种融资形式对首次项目而言往往难以承保——以便项目开发商能够进入施工的后续阶段。
It’s also how the New York City Energy Efficiency Corp., a 16-year-old green bank, supported a 396-unit, all-electric affordable housing project in Salt Lake City. The green bank worked with Utah nonprofit SustainEnergyFinance to set up a $4.5 predevelopment loan—a form of financing that can be hard to underwrite for first-time projects—so that the project’s developer could move into the next phases of construction.
阿德勒还说，绿色银行也在共享技术资源，以帮助彼此降低融资成本。他引用了位于佛罗里达州的太阳能和能源贷款基金（Solar and Energy Loan Fund），该机构已为家庭能源效率、太阳能和抗风暴项目融资近8000万美元。该机构的首席行政官大卫·格雷伯表示，该组织已经开发出一个平台，目前全国有13家其他绿色银行和类似贷款机构正在使用该平台，该平台标准化了该机构在过去十年中积累的大部分承销和贷款处理专业知识。
Green banks are also sharing technical resources to help each other lower financing costs, Adler said. He cited the Solar and Energy Loan Fund, a Florida-based green bank that has financed nearly $80 million in home energy-efficiency, solar, and storm-hardening projects. That organization has developed a platform, now being used by 13 other green banks and similar lenders across the country, that standardizes much of the underwriting and loan-processing expertise it’s built up over the past decade, said David Graber, the green bank’s chief of staff.
“我们提供后台支持和资金。合作伙伴带来当地的信任和项目，”格雷伯解释道。太阳能和能源贷款基金估计，平台上的每个贷款合作伙伴每年可避免数十万美元的成本，否则他们将需要自行运营完整的贷款业务。
“We provide the back office and the capital. Partners bring the local trust and the projects,” Graber explained. The Solar and Energy Loan Fund estimates that each lending partner on the platform avoids hundreds of thousands of dollars a year in costs it would otherwise incur running a full lending operation on its own.
马里兰州蒙哥马利县绿色银行通过融合金融科技支持和分层融资，使家庭可再生能源和能源效率改造更具可负担性。2026年3月，该机构启动了一项400万美元的计划，为家庭提供屋顶太阳能、热泵及其他项目的低息贷款。
Montgomery County Green Bank in Maryland has blended financial technology support and layered financing to make home renewable-energy and energy-efficiency improvements more affordable. In March 2026, the organization launched a $4 million initiative that offers households low-interest loans for rooftop solar, heat pumps, and other projects.
该绿色银行合作与业务发展主管罗卡斯·贝雷斯尼奥瓦斯表示，符合条件的房主可享受首15年利息补贴后为2.99%的太阳能贷款，此后利率将提高。
Qualifying homeowners can access solar loans with a subsidized interest rate of 2.99 percent for the first 15 years, with a higher rate applying afterward, said Rokas Beresniovas, the green bank’s head of partnerships and business development.
随着公用事业账单上涨，动员投资开展此类工作比以往任何时候都更加重要，阿德勒说道。但正如《绿色银行50》报告所强调的，许多绿色银行的年度运营预算低于200万美元。
As utility bills rise, mobilizing investment for these kinds of efforts is more important than ever, Adler said. But as the Green Bank 50 report highlights, many green banks operate on budgets of less than $2 million per year.
“我们本来可以做更多的事情，”他说。“但我们正在审视我们所能承担的融资范围。”
“We could do a lot more,” he said. “But we’re looking at what we’re able to finance.”