伊朗在波斯湾的袭击击中船只更多、造成损毁更严重，较冲突早期有所升级，给该地区能源输送带来新的风险。
Iranian attacks in the Persian Gulf are striking more ships and causing more severe damage than earlier in the conflict, bringing fresh risks to energy flows from the region.
据该地区海军组织数据及安保顾问预警，10月前两周，在霍尔木兹海峡内或附近发生的涉及船只遭袭事件至少达23起，其中至少5起报告称机舱受损。机舱直接中弹可引发火灾，导致船只失去动力或推进力，使船只停航数月并面临高昂维修费用。
At least 23 incidents involving ships attacked in or near the Strait of Hormuz were logged in the first two weeks of October, with at least five reporting impacts to their engine rooms, according to data from naval groups in the region and alerts from security consultants. Direct hits on engine rooms can cause fires and leave ships without power or propulsion, taking vessels out of service for months and leading to costly repairs.
中东产油国表现出在伊朗袭击面前维持供油的意愿——贸易情报公司Kpler的初步数据显示，中东石油出口七日均值略高于战前水平。但袭击升级恐将加剧全球石油市场最大制约因素之一：可用船只数量。
Middle Eastern producers have shown a willingness to keep supplying oil in the face of Iranian attacks — preliminary data from trade intelligence company Kpler put the seven-day average of Middle East oil exports fractionally above prewar levels. But the intensifying strikes threaten to worsen one of the biggest constraints in the global oil market: the number of available ships.
多位航运和海事安保官员因话题敏感要求匿名，他们表示看到机舱受损程度加剧，袭击事件总体数量也增加，但很难判断伊朗是否蓄意瞄准船只引擎。
Several shipping and maritime security officials, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitive nature of the topic, said they were seeing increased levels of engine-room damage from attacks, as well as a larger volume of incidents in general, but that it was hard to say if Iran was deliberately targeting ship engines.
国际油轮船东协会（Intertanko）海事总监菲利普·贝尔彻表示：“我们看到的是袭击频率增加，因此机舱受损和致残性火灾也随之增多。”
“What we’re seeing is an increase in the frequency of attacks, and therefore, more damage in engine rooms and disabling fire,” said Phillip Belcher, marine director at Intertanko, the world’s main trade group for the tanker industry.
引擎持续遭袭让人联想起1980年代的“油轮战争”，当时伊拉克和伊朗以击中油轮机舱的方式试图使其瘫痪。部分袭击引发火灾和爆炸，最终导致船只沉没。数十艘受损或沉没的船只在海湾北部滞留多年。
Persistent strikes on engines invoke memories of the 1980s Tanker War, when Iraq and Iran targeted oil tankers’ engine rooms in an effort to disable them. Some attacks caused fires and explosions that ultimately sank vessels. Dozens of damaged or sunken ships remained in the northern Gulf for years after.
上周至少有两艘近期遭袭船只沉没，其中包括一艘在霍尔木兹海峡遭袭的集装箱船。该集装箱船沉没后，巴基斯坦海道测量局表示，在阿拉伯联合酋长国附近海域发现漂浮的集装箱。
At least two recently-hit vessels sank last week, including a container ship that was struck in Hormuz. After the container ship sank, Pakistan’s Hydrographic Services said there were containers floating adrift near the United Arab Emirates.
据数据显示，9月份没有导致引擎受损的袭击事件，而在之前几个月，至少有七艘非伊朗船只遭此类袭击。美国在执行对伊朗船只的封锁时，也曾以引擎室为目标，以使船只瘫痪。
There were no attacks leading to engine damage in September, according to the data, and at least seven on non-Iranian vessels in previous months. When enforcing its blockade on Iranian ships, the US has also targeted engine rooms in order to disable vessels.
航运和海上安全官员表示，伊朗最近开始更多地使用导弹而非无人机袭击船只。红外制导导弹倾向于飞向船只较热的部位，且往往携带比无人机更大当量的弹头。
Iran has recently begun using more missiles, rather than drones, to hit vessels, the shipping and maritime security officials said. Infrared-guided missiles tend to steer towards hotter parts of the ship, and often have larger explosive payloads than drones.
目前，霍尔木兹海峡的通行仍在继续，但估算数字不一。美国能源部长克里斯·赖特周日表示，运输量约为正常水平的80%，伊拉克周一称其自身出口量正接近战前水平。但针对引擎室的袭击很难让船东重返霍尔木兹海峡，遭袭船只在维修期间将更长时间处于停运状态。
For now, flows are continuing through the Strait of Hormuz, though estimates vary. US Energy Secretary Chris Wright said on Sunday that shipments are at about 80% of normal levels, and Iraq said Monday that its own exports are approaching prewar levels. But attacks on engine rooms will do little to draw owners back to Hormuz, and ships that come under attack remain out of action for longer as they undergo repairs.
这可能进一步限制可用于运输原油油桶的油轮数量，并推高能源运输价格。本月有几天，在世界某些地区租用一艘超大型油轮的费用甚至高于发射一枚火箭入太空的成本。
That could further restrict the number of tankers available to carry barrels, and push up the price of transporting energy. For a few days this month it was more expensive to hire a supertanker in some parts of the world than it was to send a rocket into space.
“在一个鲜有船东愿意派船进入的地区，每一艘超大型原油船（VLCC）遭袭都影响重大，”奥尔布罗克有限公司（Oil Brokerage Ltd.）分析师在10月19日的一份报告中指出。
“In a region where few owners are willing to put ships in, every VLCC hit is material,” analysts at Oil Brokerage Ltd. said in a note on Oct. 19, referring to very large crude carriers.
航运公司雇佣的在该区域航行的海员面临的风险也在增加。根据联合海事信息中心（Joint Maritime Information Center）的一份报告，该中心负责发布该地区海上安全信息，最近一次针对散货船的袭击击中了舰桥和船员休息睡眠的生活区。
Risks to the seafarers employed by shipping companies to sail through the region are also growing. One recent attack on a bulk commodity carrier struck the bridge and accommodation area where crew sleep, according to a report from the Joint Maritime Information Center, which distributes information on maritime security in the region.
“袭击通常针对船舶的机舱或驾驶室，因为这样既能造成最大程度的破坏，又能将发生石油泄漏的风险降到最低，”全球最大的航运贸易集团 Bimco 的首席安全与安保官雅各布·拉尔森（Jakob Larsen）说道。“遗憾的是，当这些关键区域遭到攻击时，船员受伤的风险非常高。”
“Attacks often focus on the engine room or the bridge of the ships as it maximizes damage while keeping the risk of an oil spill relatively low,” said Jakob Larsen, chief safety and security officer at Bimco, the world’s largest shipping trade group. “Sadly, there are significant risks of crew injuries when these areas of the ship are hit.”