欧洲学生抗议蔓延，揭示对未来的黯淡展望自9月份法国高中生开始抗议以来，至少七个其他欧洲国家的年轻示威者也加入了行列。
Student Protests Mushroom Across Europe, Exposing Bleak Views of the Future Since high school students began protesting in France in September, they’ve been joined by young demonstrators in at least seven other European countries.
西班牙和葡萄牙的年轻人在各自首都搭起帐篷，抗议高昂的房租。法国和意大利学生大规模游行，要求改善学校条件，这些示威活动被抢劫者搅乱。
Young Spaniards and Portuguese have pitched tents in their countries’ capitals to protest high rents. French and Italian students have marched en masse for better school conditions in demonstrations marred by looters.
希腊人抗议要求增加大学经费，年轻的阿尔巴尼亚人加入广泛的反腐败示威后与警察发生冲突，他们指责政府阻碍自己的前景。
Greeks protested for more university funding and young Albanians clashed with the police after joining broad anti-corruption demonstrations against a government they accused of impeding their prospects.
这些是近日在欧洲大陆至少八个国家走上街头的年轻人。他们的诉求因环境和政府而异，但一条共同的线索将他们联系在一起：他们担忧自己的未来。
These are among the young Europeans who have taken to the streets in recent days in at least eight countries across the continent. Their demands vary according to the context and the government, but a common thread unites them all: They fear for their future.
“失去未来的一代回来了，”27岁的音乐会舞台技工萨沙·科西周二说。当时他正和一群西班牙年轻人坐在马德里中心帐篷营地的一块低矮防水布下。
“The no-future generation is back,” Sacha Cossi, 27, a concert stagehand, said on Tuesday as he sat with a group of other young Spaniards under a low tarp in the tent encampment in central Madrid.
科西先生说，这个存在数周的帐篷城市反映了整个大陆对低薪和高房租的普遍不满，面对全球变暖的无力感，以及对就业前景和前几代人享有的慷慨福利可能消失的普遍焦虑。
Mr. Cossi said the tent city, there for weeks, reflected a continent-wide exasperation over low salaries and high rents, an impotence in the face of global warming and a general anxiety about job prospects and the potential disappearance of the generous welfare benefits enjoyed by previous generations.
“我们对一切都厌倦了，”他说，并补充道：“事情不断变化，但方式对我们没有好处。”抗议者的忧郁反映了一个正在努力寻找前进道路的大陆。欧洲人口老龄化，政府债务上升，因为各国政府在养老金和其他项目上的支出不断增加，且各国政府不愿提高税收。移民问题正在使选民两极分化。
“We are tired of everything,” he said, adding: “Things keep changing in a way that doesn’t benefit us.”The protesters’ gloom reflects a continent that is struggling to find a way forward. Europe’s populations are aging, its debt is rising as governments struggle with growing expenses for pensions and other programs, and governments are reluctant to raise taxes. Immigration is polarizing electorates.
人们普遍担心，欧洲正无法跟上预计将定义近未来的技术巨变，并且陷入了美国和中国这两个世界大国之间的竞争漩涡。随着特朗普总统——他曾威胁要攻击欧洲盟友丹麦的领土——撤对乌克兰的支持，面对蔓延的俄罗斯侵略，局势显得更加动荡不安。
There is widespread fear that Europe is failing to keep pace with the technological upheavals that are expected to define the near future, and it is caught in the middle of a contest between the world’s two great powers, America and China. Things seem less secure in the face of spreading Russian aggression, as President Trump, who threatened to attack the territory of a European ally, Denmark, withdraws support for Ukraine.
这种低迷情绪影响着所有年龄段的欧洲人，但该大陆的年轻人面临着最黯淡的长期前景。几十年来定义了欧洲社会的公共服务和福利正变得日益不可持续，各届政府难以为老人的养老金、少年的学校以及所有人所需的住房、交通和医疗保健买单。随着美国减少其防务承诺，军费开支有所增加，这给预算增添了额外的压力。
The malaise affects Europeans of all ages, but it is the continent’s young who face the bleakest long-term landscape. The public services and benefits that defined European society for decades are becoming increasingly unsustainable, with governments struggling to pay for pensions for the old, schools for the young, and housing, transportation and health care needed by everyone. Military spending, which has increased as the United States reduces its defense commitment, has added extra stress on budgets.
各种意识形态色彩的政府——意大利的右翼领导人、西班牙的左翼领导人、法国的温和派——都在艰难地寻找一个看似合理的答案。欧洲的年轻人越来越觉得自己被排除在外。
Governments of all ideological stripes — a right-wing leader in Italy, a left-wing one in Spain, a moderate in France — are all struggling to provide a plausible answer. Europe’s young increasingly feel left out of the picture.
“有一种被排斥、疲惫的感觉，”22岁的帕多瓦抗议者兼大学生斯特拉·萨利斯说。
“There’s this sense of rejection, fatigue,” said Stella Salis, 22, a protester and university student in Padua.
就抗议者的规模和持续时间而言，这些运动的规模远不及2008年金融危机爆发后几年蔓延全球的反紧缩抗议。
In terms of protester numbers and longevity, the movements are still not near the scale of the anti-austerity protests that spread across the world in the years that followed the 2008 financial crisis.
但它们正开始引起世界的关注，并促使抗议者们开始讨论一项跨国运动。法国的高中生帮助激发了比利时同龄人的活力，而意大利和德国的抗议者则开始使用一个起源于法国的口号。
But they are beginning to catch the world’s attention and spur talk among protesters of a transnational movement. French high school students helped energize teenage counterparts in Belgium, while protesters in Italy and Germany have begun using a slogan that originated in France.
萨利斯女士表示，她希望这场抗议运动“开始进入一个超越国界的阶段”。然而在一些国家，骚乱在激发左翼的同时，也极大地助长了极右翼的气焰，往往掩盖了抗议者的诉求。
Ms. Salis said that she hoped that the protest movement was “starting to be in a phase that transcends national borders.”Yet in some countries, the unrest has emboldened the far right as much as it has galvanized the left, often overshadowing the protesters’ messages.
上周末，意大利北部的骚乱导致数十人被捕，这也为政府部长兼极右翼领导人马泰奥·萨尔维尼宣布政府将派遣500名士兵前往米兰“从‘罪犯’手中保卫米兰”提供了借口。由于其所在政党的民调支持率下滑，萨尔维尼利用此次骚乱来推行其反移民议程，并称他希望骚乱能“彻底”终结左翼关于将公民身份扩大授予未满18岁移民子女的呼吁。
Rioting in northern Italy this past weekend led to dozens of arrests, and gave Matteo Salvini, a government minister and hard-right leader, the pretext to announce that the government would dispatch 500 soldiers to “defend Milan,” from “criminals.”With his party slipping in the polls, Mr. Salvini seized on the unrest to promote his anti-immigration agenda, saying he hoped the rioting ended, “once and for all,” leftist calls to extend citizenship to children of immigrants before they reach the age of 18.
在法国，极右翼政党国民联盟大肆宣扬自己是能够防止上周末法国城市发生的违法乱纪行为再度上演的最佳政党，因而占尽了便宜。
In France, the far-right National Rally has had a field day presenting itself as the party best able to prevent a repeat of the lawlessness perpetrated in French cities this past weekend.
“六个月后，法国人民将能够选择一条不同的道路：一条恢复权威和安全的道路，”该党明年春季总统选举候选人玛丽娜·勒庞在周日的一场演讲中说道。
“In six months, the French people will be able to choose a different path: That of restored authority and security,” Marine Le Pen, the party’s candidate in the presidential election next spring, said in a speech on Sunday.
同一天，该党主席若尔丹·巴尔代拉也呼应了这一信息。“我们随时准备恢复国家秩序，”巴尔代拉在走出一处位于近期骚乱中心附近的警察局后说道。
It was a message echoed that same day by her party president, Jordan Bardella. “We stand ready to restore order in the country,” Mr. Bardella said after emerging from a police station located near the epicenter of recent unrest.
然而，未来几个月无论谁在欧洲掌权，对于年轻人来说都不会有什么轻松的许诺。在面临通货膨胀、债券收益率上升和燃料价格飙升等经济逆风的环境下，随着公共资源不断减少，他们将不得不就资助哪些公共服务做出极其艰难的决定。
Yet whoever takes power across Europe in the coming months will have few easy offerings for young people. They will face excruciating decisions about what public services to fund with declining resources in an environment marked by economic headwinds, including inflation, rising bond yields and soaring fuel prices.
“我的梦想是找到一份我热爱的工作，”萨洛梅·雷诺（Salomé Regnaud）说，这名15岁的学生一直在法国抗议，要求改善学校条件。“而不是每个月都要查看开支，然后问自己，‘我能做这个吗？’或者‘我买得起那个吗？’”这种悲叹从西部的葡萄牙一直呼应到东部的阿尔巴尼亚。
“My dream would be to have a job that I love,” said Salomé Regnaud, a 15-year-old student who has been protesting for better school conditions in France. “Not to have to look at my expenses every month and ask myself, ‘Will I be able to do this?’ or ‘Can I afford to buy that?’”It was a lament that had echoes from Portugal in the west to Albania in the east.
“人们说我们不想工作？我们确实想工作，但要有尊严的条件，”29岁的里斯本心理学家莫拉娜·蒙泰罗（Mourana Monteiro）说。周二晚上，她与数千名葡萄牙人一起抗议房地产投机，该投机推高了住房成本。
“People say we don’t want to work? We do want to work, but with dignified conditions,” said Mourana Monteiro, 29, a psychologist in Lisbon who on Tuesday night joined a few thousand Portuguese to protest real estate speculation that has contributed to rising housing costs.
自周六以来，她一直住在帐篷营地里，并期盼着接下来一周的教师罢工。“工作却买不起房子，月底付不起账单，组建不了家庭，这有什么意义呢？”蒙泰罗女士问道。
She had been staying in a tent encampment since Saturday and looked forward to a teacher’s strike the following week. “What’s the point of working and then not being able to afford a house, pay our bills at the end of the month, have a family?”Ms. Monteiro asked.
在阿尔巴尼亚，学生们加入了更广泛的反政府“火烈鸟”运动。该运动以一个地区的鸟类栖息地命名，特朗普先生的女婿贾里德·库什纳在那里获得政府批准，将开发一个大型豪华旅游项目，该项目遭到环保组织的反对。
In Albania, students have joined a broader anti-government “Flamingo” movement. It is named for the bird habitat in an area where Jared Kushner, Mr. Trump’s son-in-law, won government approval for a major luxury tourism development that is opposed by environmental groups.
反腐败运动中的阿尔巴尼亚人呼吁罢免总理埃迪·拉马，拉马反过来称他们为激进左翼分子，但学生们的重点是保护教育。
Albanians in the anti-corruption movement are calling for the ouster of Prime Minister Edi Rama, who has in turn called them radical leftists, but the students have focused on protections for education.
“我们这一代人选择不再保持沉默，这不同于我们的父母，他们没有享受到相同的自由或充分的言论自由权，”22岁的演员雷德扬·什克姆比（Redjan Shkëmbi）说，他指的是统治该国直到1991年的独裁政权。
“We are a generation that has chosen not to remain silent, unlike our parents, who did not enjoy the same freedoms or the full right to freedom of expression,” said Redjan Shkëmbi, a 22-year-old actor, referring to the dictatorship that ruled the country until 1991.
什克姆比先生在大约150天前加入了在兹韦尔内茨（Zvernec）举行的第一场抗议活动，呼吁为教育系统和公立医院提供更多资金，并表示他的主要动机是为一个更加透明和民主的阿尔巴尼亚而战。
Mr. Shkëmbi joined the first protests in Zvernec nearly 150 days ago to call for more funding for the education system and public hospitals, and said his main motivation was to fight for a more transparent and democratic Albania.
“我们想要一个更好的国家，”他说，“我们也想为它的未来做出贡献。”塞戈莱娜·勒斯特拉迪克（Ségolène Le Stradic）自巴黎、约瑟芬·德拉布吕耶尔（Josephine de La Bruyère）自罗马、卡洛斯·巴拉甘（Carlos Barragán）自马德里、丹妮拉·费雷拉·平托（Daniela Ferreira Pinto）自里斯本、法蒂奥娜·梅伊迪尼（Fatjona Mejdini）自阿尔巴尼亚地拉那对本文亦有报道贡献。
“We want a better country,” he said, “and we want to contribute to its future.”Reporting was contributed by Ségolène Le Stradic from Paris; Josephine de La Bruyère from Rome; Carlos Barragán from Madrid; Daniela Ferreira Pinto from Lisbon; and Fatjona Mejdini from Tirana, Albania.
杰森·霍罗威茨（Jason Horowitz）是《纽约时报》马德里分社社长，负责报道西班牙、葡萄牙以及欧洲各地人们的生活方式。
Jason Horowitz is the Madrid bureau chief for The Times, covering Spain, Portugal and the way people live throughout Europe.