华盛顿 — 周五，总统唐纳德·特朗普签署了一项行政命令，暂停了一项针对俄罗斯经济的广泛制裁方案，并告诉国会，暂停符合国家利益。
WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump on Friday signed an executive order that puts on hold a sweeping new sanctions package targeting the Russian economy, telling Congress the pause was in the national interest.
特朗普上个月刚刚亲自签署了该立法，而他的这一举动恰好发生在该法律规定的实施截止日期前两天。此举引起了国会民主党人的强烈谴责。
Trump personally signed the legislation just last month and his move came just two days before a deadline set in the law itself for its implementation. It drew shift condemnation from congressional Democrats.
该立法以已故南卡罗来纳州参议员林赛·格雷厄姆命名，旨在更快速地遏制资助乌克兰战争的金融资源流动。
Named after late South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham, the legislation had sought to clamp down more quickly on the flow of financial resources fueling the war against Ukraine.
特朗普的这一意外决定是在一周前他惊人地表示美国已同意从俄罗斯购买柴油，试图降低全球能源价格之后作出的，尽管这可能会在俄乌战争中伤害乌克兰。
Trump’s unexpected decision comes a week after he stunningly said the U.S. had agreed to purchase diesel from Russia to try to bring down global energy prices, despite that potentially hurting Ukraine in its war with Russia.
美联社-NORC公共事务研究中心于10月1日发布的一项民意调查显示，美国人对总统处理伊朗战争的方式表示不满，并将油价上涨归咎于他。特朗普的支持率已降至近历史低点，压力也在增加，因为共和党人试图在11月3日中期选举后继续控制国会两院。
An AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll published Oct. 1 found that Americans disapprove of the president’s handling of the Iran war and blame him for higher prices. Trump’s approval ratings have sunk to near-historic lows and pressure is mounting as Republicans try to hold control of both chambers of Congress after midterm elections on Nov. 3.
制裁被视为格雷厄姆遗产的一部分。格雷厄姆是总统的亲密盟友和朋友，他在7月意外去世前刚从乌克兰返回。他一直主张对俄罗斯实施更严厉的美国制裁，以此施压使其结束在乌克兰的战争。
Sanctions were seen as part of Graham’s legacy Graham, a close ally and friend of the president, had just returned from Ukraine when he unexpectedly died in July. He had advocated for stricter U.S. sanctions against Russia as a way of pressuring it to end its war in Ukraine.
他在国会的同事们在他去世后以两党支持作出回应，而特朗普曾在立法上签字 — — 但周五改变了主意。
His colleagues in Congress responded with bipartisan support after his death and Trump attached his signature to the legislation — then changed his mind Friday.
该制裁方案原本旨在剥夺俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京维持其在乌克兰战争所需的资源，因为俄罗斯早在四年多前就入侵了其邻国。该法案同样由康涅狄格州民主党参议员理查德·布卢门撒尔起草，旨在制裁俄罗斯官员、银行以及一个暗油轮舰队，该舰队负责维持俄罗斯能源的流动。
The package had been meant to starve Russian President Vladimir Putin of the resources Moscow needs to continue its war in Ukraine after invading its neighbor more than four years ago. The bill, also drafted by Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., had sought to sanction Russian officials, banks and a shadow fleet of tankers that keeps Russian energy moving.
该法案还指示特朗普对俄罗斯石油或天然气的前五大进口国征收最高达100%的关税，但对进口俄罗斯天然气不足其出口总量15%且已采取重大措施减少这些进口的国家予以豁免。
It also directed Trump to impose up to 100% tariffs on the top five importers of Russian oil or natural gas, with an exception for countries that import less than 15% of Russia’s natural gas exports and have taken significant steps to reduce those imports.
布卢门塔尔在声明中表示，特朗普正在背弃“绝大多数美国人、他们在国会两院的代表以及我们的欧洲盟友”。布卢门塔尔说：“这些豁免与我们的国家安全毫无关系，完全是为了巴结弗拉基米尔·普京。”
Blumenthal said in a statement that Trump was turning his back on “the majority of Americans, their representatives in both houses of Congress, and our European allies.”“These waivers have nothing to do with our national security, and everything to do with sucking up to Vladimir Putin,” Blumenthal said.
来自弗吉尼亚州的民主党众议员唐·拜尔在制裁被暂停宣布后不久在社交媒体上指出，他和其他人曾“警告”特朗普可能会做出这样的举动。这位在法案辩论期间就曾发声反对的资深国会议员呼吁国会“修复这部存在缺陷的法律，阻止特朗普向普京屈服，并确保它切实支持乌克兰”。白宫没有立即解释暂停制裁如何符合国家利益。这一决定于深夜发布在白宫网站上，通知中指出，解释该决定的报告已提交给国会。
Democratic Virginia Rep. Don Beyer noted on social media shortly after the announcement of the sanctions being suspended that he and others had “warned” Trump might make such a move. The veteran congressman, who spoke out against the bill as it was debated, called on Congress to “fix this flawed law to stop Trump from capitulating to Putin and ensure that it truly supports Ukraine.”The White House did not immediately explain how pausing the sanctions was in the national interest. The decision was posted on the White House website late in the evening, and the notification noted that the report explaining the decision had been submitted to Congress.
尽管如此，在此之前，特朗普一直在不断抨击乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基，指责他未能与普京达成结束战斗的协议。
Still, it comes as Trump has increasingly lashed out at Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, blaming him for failing to make a deal with Putin to end the fighting.
与此同时，自该法案在格雷厄姆突然去世后经众参两院以绝对多数通过以来——在泽连斯基的敦促下，议员们推进了该法案——特朗普政府大多保持沉默。
The Trump administration, meanwhile, had remained mostly quiet since the passage of the bill with large majorities in the House and Senate following Graham’s sudden death — with lawmakers urged ahead by Zelenskyy.
特朗普的这一举动是在宣布与普京达成柴油协议之后做出的。根据上周的协议，特朗普表示俄罗斯将立即供应30多万吨柴油，随后在11月再供应50万吨，并“紧接着”供应100万吨。特朗普与普京达成柴油协议受到了共和党和民主党的一致猛烈批评，他们表示此举将助长俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争，却对全球燃料价格毫无影响，而全球燃料价格高企主要归咎于特朗普对伊朗的战争。
Trump’s action follows announced diesel deal with Putin Under last week’s agreement, Trump said Russia would immediately supply more than 300,000 tons of diesel, followed by an additional 500,000 tons in November and 1 million tons “immediately thereafter.”Trump’s striking a diesel deal with Putin has been pilloried by Republicans and Democrats alike who say it will help Russia execute its war against Ukraine — without making a different to global fuel prices, which are elevated mostly due to Trump’s war on Iran.
与此同时，特朗普现已暂停的制裁也已成为参议员达琳·格雷厄姆（Darline Graham）竞选的核心议题。她是已故参议员的妹妹，被任命完成其当前任期内的最后几个月。她现在正竞选连任，以长期担任该参议员职务。
The sanctions that Trump has now suspended, meanwhile, also had become a campaign centerpiece for Sen. Darline Graham, the late senator’s sister who was appointed to serve out the remaining months in his current term. She is now running to replace him in the Senate more permanently.
特朗普签署该法案后，达琳·格雷厄姆在一份声明中表示：“我希望林赛能在这里庆祝这个具有历史意义的日子。”在本周早些时候与民主党候选人安妮·安德鲁斯的辩论中，格雷厄姆表示她对推动该法案通过感到“无比自豪”。她获得了特朗普的背书，预计将于下周在南卡罗来纳州与他一同参加竞选活动。然而，她承认如何实施该法案是总统的权限。
Darline Graham said in a statement after Trump signed the bill, “I wish Lindsey were here to celebrate this historic day.”In a debate earlier this week with Democratic nominee Annie Andrews, Graham — who has Trump’s endorsement and is expected to campaign with him in South Carolina next week — said she had been “so proud” to help get the measure passed. She acknowledged, however, that it was the president’s purview as to how he implemented it.
格雷厄姆周日在哥伦比亚的一场辩论中说：“它赋予了总统可以使用的工具，如果他选择这样做的话，可以通过经济制裁来结束战争。因此，他是否想要使用它，或者是否想要使用其他手段，这取决于他，但我认为其目的是压低油价并最终结束战争。当战争结束时，油价就会下跌。”
“It gives the president tools that he can use if he so chooses, to end the war through economic sanctions,” Graham said Sunday during a debate in Columbia. “So that’s up to him as to whether or not he wants to use it, or whether he wants to use something else, but I think the purpose of it is to bring down the gas prices and ultimately end the war. And when the war ends, gas prices will fall.”