数十万欧洲人在各自国家的分散、未协调的示威活动中走上街头，抗议生活成本上升。
Hundreds of thousands of Europeans have taken to the streets in separate, uncoordinated demonstrations to protest against the rising cost of living in their countries.
周六的抗议活动发生在比利时、法国、意大利和葡萄牙，这波动荡给欧盟各国政府带来了压力。
Saturday’s protests were in Belgium, France, Italy and Portugal in a wave of unrest that has put pressure on national governments across the European Union.
法国经历了数十年来最动荡的抗议日之一，超过55万人参加示威，警方在全国范围内与抗议者对峙——但法国并非唯一出现大规模示威的国家。
France experienced one of its most turbulent days of protests in decades, with over 550,000 people joining demonstrations and police facing off with protesters across the country – but it was not the only country to see significant demonstrations.
比利时首都布鲁塞尔——该地已有数周学生抗议大学注册费的示威——警方发射催泪瓦斯和使用水炮驱散示威者，警方称示威者向他们发射导弹并点燃火焰。
In Belgium’s capital Brussels – which has already seen weeks of protests by students against university registration fees – police fired tear gas and water cannon to disperse protesters, who they accused of launching missiles at them and setting fires.
在布鲁塞尔以东的较小城市列日，警方也动用水炮驱散示威。警方未透露参与人数。
In Liege, a smaller city east of Brussels, police also deployed water cannon to break up demonstrations. Police did not say how many people attended.
据估计，数万名抗议者在葡萄牙首都里斯本游行，反对生活成本危机、低工资以及在主要城市难以获得住房。葡萄牙的房价自2017年以来已翻倍多，而新租约的租金也几乎涨幅相当。
An estimated tens of thousands of protesters marched in Lisbon, the Portuguese capital, against the cost of living crisis, low wages and an inability to access housing in major cities. House prices in Portugal have more than doubled since 2017, while rents for new leases have increased nearly as much.
葡萄牙议会事务部长卡洛斯·阿布雷乌·阿莫里姆周五表示，“政府不会屈服于街头的喊声”。抗议者表示，他们的领导人“与问题脱节”。
Portuguese Parliamentary Affairs Minister Carlos Abreu Amorim said on Friday that the “government will not yield to shouts from the street”.Protesters said their leaders are “out of touch” with the problem.
在米兰和博洛尼亚，意大利警方报告称，除了和平的生活成本抗议活动外，示威者还投掷石块并与警方发生冲突。意大利媒体报道了多起受伤和逮捕事件。
In Milan and Bologna, Italian police reported that, alongside peaceful cost of living rallies, protesters threw stones and clashed with officers. Italian media reported several injuries and arrests.
尽管这些抗议活动的规模均未达到法国全国性示威的水平，但根据巴黎高等商学院欧盟法律与政策教授阿尔贝托·阿莱曼诺的说法，这些抗议可能是蔓延到其他欧洲国家的迹象。
None of the protests reached the same scale as the nationwide rallies in France but they may be a sign of spilling over into other European nations, according to Alberto Alemanno, Professor of EU Law & Policy at HEC Paris business school.
“法国是这场运动的中心……现在有迹象表明，这股运动正在超越法国蔓延，”阿莱曼诺对半岛电视台说。
“France is the epicentre of this movement … and there are signs now that this is spreading beyond France,” Alemanno told Al Jazeera.
他说，周六的抗议可能不是这些国家的最后一次抗议，还可能出现新的热点。
He said Saturday’s protests may not be the last in many of these countries and new hotspots could emerge.
在希腊、德国和奥地利，一场运动正处于“早期阶段”，预计将在“接下来的一周”出现动员，他说。
In Greece, Germany, and Austria, the “early stages” of a movement is emerging, with mobilisation expected “in the coming week”, he said.
他解释说，这些不是单一的运动，而是同时发生的多场抗议，其中一些有“共同的不满”：教育经费不足、成本上升，以及对学生而言，毕业后前景不明朗。
They are not a single movement, he explained, but several protests happening at the same time, with some “shared grievances”: underfunded education, rising costs and, for students, uncertain prospects after graduation.
这些动荡正值欧洲关键时刻，因为该大陆正在为阿莱曼诺所说的“前所未有的全国选举超级周期”做准备，未来12个月将在西班牙、法国、意大利和波兰举行选举。
The unrest comes at a crucial time for Europe, as the continent prepares for what Alemanno called an “unprecedented super-cycle of national elections” in the coming 12 months, with votes scheduled in Spain, France, Italy and Poland.
“毫无疑问，所有这些抗议、所有这些动员，都将成为政治对话的中心，”阿莱曼诺说。
“Inevitably, all these protests, all these mobilisations, are going to be at the centre of the political conversation,” Alemanno said.
