总统唐纳德·特朗普对关税的喜爱如此之深，以至于在第一个任期内，他给自己取了个绰号叫“关税侠”。特朗普在第二个任期内变本加厉地挥舞关税大棒，不论对盟友还是对手一视同仁，试图借此重振美国制造业、打击非法毒品，甚至抗议针对巴西一名盟友的所谓“政治迫害”。
President Donald Trump loves tariffs so much that during his first term, he nicknamed himself “Tariff Man.”Trump tripled down on tariffs during his second term, lobbing them on friends and enemies alike, in an attempt to revive American manufacturing, crack down on illegal drugs and even to protest an alleged “witch hunt” against an ally in Brazil.
在去年将关税飙升至大萧条以来的最高水平后，特朗普发布了自己的照片，标题为“关税先生”和“关税之王”。然而，当谈到对俄罗斯维持极高关税时，“关税侠”却退缩了。
After spiking tariffs last year to the highest level since the Great Depression, Trump posted photos of himself headlined “Mister Tariff” and “The Tariff King.”But when it came to keeping sky-high tariffs on Russia, Tariff Man balked.
周五，特朗普签署了一项行政令，豁免了对俄罗斯的新制裁和新关税，而这些措施原本将在两天后生效，此举引发了跨党派的愤怒。这些惩罚措施包含在特朗普于9月签署成为法律的一项法案中，该法案以南卡罗来纳州已故共和党参议员林赛·格雷厄姆的名字命名。
On Friday, Trump ignited bipartisan uproar when he signed an executive order that waived new sanctions and tariffs on Russia two days before they would go into effect. Those penalties were contained in a bill Trump signed into law in September that was named after Lindsey Graham, the late Republican senator from South Carolina.
该行政令暂停了对美国从俄罗斯进口商品高达500%的关税，以及对俄罗斯石油和天然气前五大进口商高达100%的关税。
The executive order suspends tariffs of up to 500% on US imports from Russia and 100% on the top five importers of Russian oil and natural gas.
换句话说，国会打造了一件用于打击俄罗斯战争机器的新经济武器，但特朗普决定不使用它——至少目前是这样。
In other words, Congress built a new economic weapon to use against Russia’s war machine, but Trump has decided not to fire it — at least for now.
金融公司雷蒙德詹姆斯的华盛顿政策分析师埃德·米尔斯表示：“这彻底摧毁了对《林赛·格雷厄姆制裁法案》的任何真正执行。”
“This eviscerates any real enforcement of the Lindsey Graham sanctions act,” said Ed Mills, Washington policy analyst at financial firm Raymond James.
米尔斯指出，此举符合特朗普的一贯“模式”，他在2025年4月同样将俄罗斯排除在面临全面关税的国家名单之外。
Mills noted that the move falls within a “pattern” for Trump, who similarly left Russia off the list of countries facing sweeping tariffs in April 2025.
米尔斯说：“宣布这一消息的时机意味深长。周五发布的爆炸性新闻通常是留给那些你不想让人注意、在政治上不想为之辩护的行动的。这绝对不是共和党在期中选举前几周想要的结辩陈词。”
“The timing of the announcement is telling. Friday news dumps are done for the actions you don’t want noticed and politically you don’t want to defend,” Mills said. “This is certainly not the closing argument the GOP wanted weeks before the midterms.”
关税暂停有助于缓解能源市场的巨大压力——但只是略微缓解。由于交易商押注对俄罗斯制裁减少将意味着更多能源供应，原油期货于周一上午小幅下跌。
The tariff pause helped ease intense pressure in the energy market — but only slightly. Oil futures dipped Monday morning as traders bet that fewer sanctions on Russia will mean more energy supply.
到周一下午早些时候，全球基准布伦特原油价格徘徊在每桶约110美元的五个月高点附近。
And by early Monday afternoon, Brent crude, the world benchmark, flirted with five-month highs around $110 a barrel.
“俄罗斯已经在向中国、印度、土耳其及其他地区出售原油，同时他们一直在限制成品燃料的出口，”利波石油公司总裁安迪·利波说。“豁免可能使向更广泛的客户群体出售石油变得更容易，但这是否会导致额外供应进入市场则是另一个问题。”
“Russia is already selling crude oil to China, India, Turkey and elsewhere while they have been limiting exports of refined fuels,” said Andy Lipow, president of Lipow Oil Associates. “The waiver may make it easier to sell oil to a wider range of customers, but whether it leads to additional supplies reaching the market is another question.”
该行政命令得到了俄罗斯主权财富基金负责人基里尔·德米特里耶夫的赞扬，他在X平台上称其为“一个重要且真正具有历史意义的时刻”。多名共和党人因决定取消对俄罗斯的制裁而与特朗普决裂，其中包括南卡罗来纳州参议员达琳·格雷厄姆，她正在填补其已故哥哥的席位，并竞选连任全任期。
The executive order was met by praise from Kirill Dmitriev, head of Russia’s sovereign wealth fund, who hailed it on X as “an important and truly historic moment.”Multiple Republicans broke with Trump over the decision to scrap the Russia sanctions, including Sen. Darline Graham of South Carolina, who is filling her late brother’s seat and running for a full term.
“我会选择继续对俄罗斯施压，以结束战争并降低油价，因为我不信任（俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔）普京，也不信任俄罗斯，”她说。
“I would choose to keep the pressure on Russia to end the war and get the gas prices down because I don’t trust (Russian President Vladimir) Putin and I don’t trust Russia,” she said.
离任共和党参议员汤姆·蒂利斯猛烈抨击这一举措是“不负责任之极”，并指责特朗普“向一个非法入侵乌克兰、每天屠杀无辜平民的俄罗斯独裁者屈服”。特朗普官员则为取消对俄罗斯制裁的决定进行辩护。
Outgoing Republican Sen. Thom Tillis blasted the move as “beyond irresponsible” and slammed Trump for “capitulating to a Russian dictator who illegally invaded Ukraine and butchers innocent civilians every single day.”Trump officials defended the decision to waive Russia sanctions.
周末，国务卿马尔科·卢比奥告诉记者，该行政命令给了特朗普时间来“研究”制裁对全球经济的影响。
Over the weekend, Secretary of State Marco Rubio told reporters the executive order gives Trump time to “study” the global economic impact of the sanctions.
“问题在于，这些制裁不仅仅是针对俄罗斯的制裁。它们还包括对若干国家的关税——比如印度，以及其他国家，”卢比奥说。“我认为总统希望利用这60天的时间来分析同时实施制裁和关税对全球经济乃至美国经济意味着什么。”
“The problem is that these sanctions were not just sanctions on Russia. They include tariffs on a number of countries — India, for example, and others,” Rubio said. “I think the president wants to take the 60-day period of time to sort of analyze what imposing both sanctions and tariffs will mean to the global economy and even to the US economy.”
鉴于特朗普一直拥抱关税政策，这一决定对一些分析师来说是个惊喜。
The decision was a surprise to some analysts, given Trump’s embrace of tariffs.
米尔斯说，许多人预计特朗普可能会选择仅轻度执行格雷厄姆法案制裁，但不会完全暂停关税。
Mills said many expected Trump might opt to only lightly enforce the Graham Act sanctions, but not to explicitly pause the tariffs altogether.
去年，特朗普将美国对进口商品的关税提升至自1930年代以来的最高水平，耶鲁大学预算实验室经济分析副主任约翰·伊斯林表示。
Last year, Trump spiked US tariffs on imports to the highest level since the 1930s, according to John Iselin, associate director of economic analysis at The Budget Lab at Yale University.
尽管此后美国关税有所缓和 — — 由于与中国的一系列暂停措施、最高法院针对特朗普全球关税的裁决以及其他发展 — — 但其水平仍高于1940年代至2024年间的任何时期。
Although US tariffs have since eased — due to a series of pauses with China, a Supreme Court decision against Trump’s global tariffs and other developments — they are still higher than at any point between the 1940s and 2024.